Superpower: India case study
India is located on the Bay of Bengal in the south west side of the Arabian ocean and the country is land locked by the Himalayan mountains to the north. India has boarders with china, Pakistan, Nepal and Butan and is one of the largest countries in Asian with a area of 3287263 km2 and has the seventh largest area in the world. The country has over 1.2 million people that is growing every day and the largest city in India is Mumbai.
Demographics
The population of the country is estimated at 1,220,800,359 for July 2013 and was considered in the 2011 Census as the second-most populous country.
India is projected to be the world's most populous country by 2025, surpassing China. Its population will then reach 1.6 billion by 2050. Its population growth rate is 1.41% - ranking 102nd in the world in 2010.
India has more than 50% of its population below the age of 25 and more than 65% below the age of 35. In 2020 it is expected that the average age of an Indian will be 29 years, compared to 37 for China and 48 for Japan. Also by 2030, India's dependency ratio should be just over 0.4.
The median age of people here for males is 26.1 years and for females 27.4 years. Compared with the UK males are at 39.1 years and females 41.4 years - this shows that there's a huge different in the population structure of India. See the population pyramid below:
Demographics
The population of the country is estimated at 1,220,800,359 for July 2013 and was considered in the 2011 Census as the second-most populous country.
India is projected to be the world's most populous country by 2025, surpassing China. Its population will then reach 1.6 billion by 2050. Its population growth rate is 1.41% - ranking 102nd in the world in 2010.
India has more than 50% of its population below the age of 25 and more than 65% below the age of 35. In 2020 it is expected that the average age of an Indian will be 29 years, compared to 37 for China and 48 for Japan. Also by 2030, India's dependency ratio should be just over 0.4.
The median age of people here for males is 26.1 years and for females 27.4 years. Compared with the UK males are at 39.1 years and females 41.4 years - this shows that there's a huge different in the population structure of India. See the population pyramid below:
Life expectancy
This is estimated at 68.98 years now. In 2008 it was at 63.7 years which was low compared to other BRIC countries and developed nations. Other factors including better access to healthcare, rising living standards, improved water & sanitation and many other developments have helped Indian people to improve their lifestyles and live longer.
Education
Education in India is provided both in the public and private sectors. India has made significant progress in increasing the primary education attendance rate and expanding literacy to three quarters of the population. It is considered that by India choosing to improve its education system, that's one of the factors that has significantly contributed to the economic rise of India. Much progress has been made in the country, particularly in higher education and scientific research. However, there are still some issues with education in India. For example, at the lower secondary level of schooling, grades nine and ten the enrolment rate is at 52%, also the at senior secondary school level, it is at 28%. These figures could be dramatically improved. Another example of an issue occuring within the system is to do with the school infrastructure. A study of 188 government-run primary school is India found out that 59% of them had no drinking water and 89% had no toilets. This is truly inadequate for good learning.
Economy
The Indian economy is the world's tenth-largest by nominal GDP. It is third-largest by purchasing power parity. In 1991, following market-based economic reforms, India then become one of the fastest- growing major economies. It is considered a NIC. However, it still has many challenges including poverty, malnutrition, terrorism, inadequate healthcare amongst others.
As of 2011 according to the World Bank, the Indian economy is worth US$ 1.848 trillion - it is the tenth-largest economy by market exchange rates. Its average annual GDP growing rate has been 5.8% over the past two decades. This figure reached 6.1 during 2011 - 12. Even though India is one of the world's fastest growing economies, it only ranks 140th in the world in nominal GDP per capita and 129th in GDP per capita at PPP.
The India labour force is 487.6 million people strong and is the world's second largest as of 2011. The main employment sector is the service (or tertiary sector) which makes up 55.6% of GDP. The industrial sector makes up 26.3% and the agricultural 18.1%. In 2006, features for India's share of external trade in GDP stood at 24% compared with 6% in 1985. In 2011, Indias was considered the world's tenth largest important and nineteenth largest exporter. Major exports in the country include petroreum, textiles, jewellery, chemicals and software. Major imports include chemicals, crude oil and machinery.
Examples of MNCs based in India include Siemens AG, Bhari Walmart, Tata Group and Infosys Technologies Limited. Recent Indian news articles are saying that Indians should refrain from buying goods manufactured by MNCs to stabilise the rupee and reduce imports.
India part of these trade blocs:
Political
Indian politics takes place within the framework of a federal Westminster-style Parliamentary democratic constitutional republic. India is a nation that has been called a “sovereign socialist secular democratic republic”. The central government of the country is patterned after the British parliamentary system.
For most of the years since independence, the federal government has been led by the India National Congress (INC). The two largest parties have been the INC and Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
India is the world’s most populous democracy – this gives lots of power to the people of the country – as a result, average citizens have a say in what goes on with the leadership of their country. It also has good relations with most other countries which is key for collaborating on issues, particularly international issues which affect us all.
India is a federation composed of 28 states and 7 union territories. All states have elected legislatures and governments – structured similarly to the Westminster model.
IGOs
India is part of the United Nations as well as a temporary member of the UN Security Council – the country has taken part in many peacekeeping missions. It was also considered the second largest contributor to the UN in 2007 – it played an influential role in the East Asia Summit as well as the Asian Development Bank.
Military
Since India gained independence in 1947, India has kept relations strong with most other nations. Whilst the attention of the world in military terms has been focused on China, India has tried to be make itself an armed power in its own right with global outreach. The country has the ability to defend its population in the Middle East, to shoulder international peacekeeping duties and are able to dispatch troops to thousands of miles from the subcontinent to protect its oil supplies and trade routes amongst other powers.
India is considered as one of the world’s largest arms exporters – they are currently making themselves a strong country in military terms. The CIA predicts that India will possess the fourth most capable concentration of power by 2015.
Since the end of the Cold War, India has increased its economic strategy and military cooperation, particularly with the United States and the EU. A civilian nuclear agreement was signed between India and the United States in 2008. India has become the sixth de facto nuclear weapons state. Following this, India signed agreements involving the civilian nuclear energy with France and Russia, the UK & Canada.
Resources
India’s natural resources can be put into categories e.g. biotic, a biotic, metallic and non metallic.
The biotic resources are from living and organic materials. Forestry in regions like the coastline and alpine areas where there is high rainfall, fish from the rich marine resources in land and sea with 600000 metric tonnes being exported in 2006 and the crude oil and 1437 billion cubic meters of natural gases.
A biotic materials are non organic materials that have to be obtained with great force and pressure and are classified as minerals like copper, zinc, iron ore, bauxite and others that Tata steel company has been mining in India since the British rule of India.
India has a host of non metallic resources and minor minerals like marble from the rocks in Madhya Pradesh.
The most important resource that India has is the cheap and motivated work force in places like Mumbai because the cheap labour attracts trans national companies to come set up factories boosting the local economy but the majority profit going to the tnc like Primark who gets their clothes made in sweat shops in India so we can have affordable fashion on the high street and others. If these tnc’s where to relocate to another country the vast population would be out of jobs causing the gap between rich and poor which is large to grow even larger.
This is estimated at 68.98 years now. In 2008 it was at 63.7 years which was low compared to other BRIC countries and developed nations. Other factors including better access to healthcare, rising living standards, improved water & sanitation and many other developments have helped Indian people to improve their lifestyles and live longer.
Education
Education in India is provided both in the public and private sectors. India has made significant progress in increasing the primary education attendance rate and expanding literacy to three quarters of the population. It is considered that by India choosing to improve its education system, that's one of the factors that has significantly contributed to the economic rise of India. Much progress has been made in the country, particularly in higher education and scientific research. However, there are still some issues with education in India. For example, at the lower secondary level of schooling, grades nine and ten the enrolment rate is at 52%, also the at senior secondary school level, it is at 28%. These figures could be dramatically improved. Another example of an issue occuring within the system is to do with the school infrastructure. A study of 188 government-run primary school is India found out that 59% of them had no drinking water and 89% had no toilets. This is truly inadequate for good learning.
Economy
The Indian economy is the world's tenth-largest by nominal GDP. It is third-largest by purchasing power parity. In 1991, following market-based economic reforms, India then become one of the fastest- growing major economies. It is considered a NIC. However, it still has many challenges including poverty, malnutrition, terrorism, inadequate healthcare amongst others.
As of 2011 according to the World Bank, the Indian economy is worth US$ 1.848 trillion - it is the tenth-largest economy by market exchange rates. Its average annual GDP growing rate has been 5.8% over the past two decades. This figure reached 6.1 during 2011 - 12. Even though India is one of the world's fastest growing economies, it only ranks 140th in the world in nominal GDP per capita and 129th in GDP per capita at PPP.
The India labour force is 487.6 million people strong and is the world's second largest as of 2011. The main employment sector is the service (or tertiary sector) which makes up 55.6% of GDP. The industrial sector makes up 26.3% and the agricultural 18.1%. In 2006, features for India's share of external trade in GDP stood at 24% compared with 6% in 1985. In 2011, Indias was considered the world's tenth largest important and nineteenth largest exporter. Major exports in the country include petroreum, textiles, jewellery, chemicals and software. Major imports include chemicals, crude oil and machinery.
Examples of MNCs based in India include Siemens AG, Bhari Walmart, Tata Group and Infosys Technologies Limited. Recent Indian news articles are saying that Indians should refrain from buying goods manufactured by MNCs to stabilise the rupee and reduce imports.
India part of these trade blocs:
- G20
- G8
- Commonwealth
- South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation
Political
Indian politics takes place within the framework of a federal Westminster-style Parliamentary democratic constitutional republic. India is a nation that has been called a “sovereign socialist secular democratic republic”. The central government of the country is patterned after the British parliamentary system.
For most of the years since independence, the federal government has been led by the India National Congress (INC). The two largest parties have been the INC and Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
India is the world’s most populous democracy – this gives lots of power to the people of the country – as a result, average citizens have a say in what goes on with the leadership of their country. It also has good relations with most other countries which is key for collaborating on issues, particularly international issues which affect us all.
India is a federation composed of 28 states and 7 union territories. All states have elected legislatures and governments – structured similarly to the Westminster model.
IGOs
India is part of the United Nations as well as a temporary member of the UN Security Council – the country has taken part in many peacekeeping missions. It was also considered the second largest contributor to the UN in 2007 – it played an influential role in the East Asia Summit as well as the Asian Development Bank.
Military
Since India gained independence in 1947, India has kept relations strong with most other nations. Whilst the attention of the world in military terms has been focused on China, India has tried to be make itself an armed power in its own right with global outreach. The country has the ability to defend its population in the Middle East, to shoulder international peacekeeping duties and are able to dispatch troops to thousands of miles from the subcontinent to protect its oil supplies and trade routes amongst other powers.
India is considered as one of the world’s largest arms exporters – they are currently making themselves a strong country in military terms. The CIA predicts that India will possess the fourth most capable concentration of power by 2015.
Since the end of the Cold War, India has increased its economic strategy and military cooperation, particularly with the United States and the EU. A civilian nuclear agreement was signed between India and the United States in 2008. India has become the sixth de facto nuclear weapons state. Following this, India signed agreements involving the civilian nuclear energy with France and Russia, the UK & Canada.
Resources
India’s natural resources can be put into categories e.g. biotic, a biotic, metallic and non metallic.
The biotic resources are from living and organic materials. Forestry in regions like the coastline and alpine areas where there is high rainfall, fish from the rich marine resources in land and sea with 600000 metric tonnes being exported in 2006 and the crude oil and 1437 billion cubic meters of natural gases.
A biotic materials are non organic materials that have to be obtained with great force and pressure and are classified as minerals like copper, zinc, iron ore, bauxite and others that Tata steel company has been mining in India since the British rule of India.
India has a host of non metallic resources and minor minerals like marble from the rocks in Madhya Pradesh.
The most important resource that India has is the cheap and motivated work force in places like Mumbai because the cheap labour attracts trans national companies to come set up factories boosting the local economy but the majority profit going to the tnc like Primark who gets their clothes made in sweat shops in India so we can have affordable fashion on the high street and others. If these tnc’s where to relocate to another country the vast population would be out of jobs causing the gap between rich and poor which is large to grow even larger.